Bathroom flooring is a critical element when designing for accessibility and universal design. Its a space where safety is paramount, particularly considering the presence of water and the potential for slips and falls. Two key factors that contribute to a safe and accessible bathroom floor are slip resistance and level transitions.
Slip resistance is arguably the most important characteristic. A wet bathroom floor can be treacherous, especially for individuals with mobility limitations, older adults, or children. Choosing a flooring material with a high slip resistance rating is crucial. This rating, often referred to as the Coefficient of Friction (COF), indicates how much friction the flooring provides. Higher COF values indicate greater slip resistance. Options like textured tile, non-slip vinyl, or rubber flooring can significantly reduce the risk of falls. Its important to remember that even with slip-resistant flooring, keeping the floor clean and dry is essential for maintaining optimal safety.
Level transitions, or the lack thereof, are another crucial consideration. Changes in floor height, even small ones, can create tripping hazards. Ideally, the bathroom floor should be completely level with the adjoining spaces. If transitions are unavoidable, they should be minimized and clearly marked. Ramps can be used to transition between different floor levels, making the change in height gradual and manageable. Avoid using thresholds or lips between rooms, as these can catch on walkers or wheelchairs and cause falls.
In summary, when designing or renovating a bathroom with accessibility in mind, prioritizing slip-resistant flooring and minimizing level transitions is essential. These features not only improve safety but also contribute to a more comfortable and usable space for everyone, regardless of age or ability. By considering these elements, we can create bathrooms that are truly universally designed and accessible to all.
Lighting and electrical controls are often overlooked aspects of accessibility, yet they play a crucial role in creating universally designed spaces that everyone can use comfortably and safely. For people with disabilities, appropriate lighting and easily accessible electrical controls can mean the difference between independence and reliance on others.
Consider the impact of poor lighting on someone with low vision. Dim hallways, insufficient task lighting in kitchens, or glare from improperly placed fixtures can create significant challenges and safety hazards. Similarly, someone with limited mobility may struggle to reach a light switch placed too high or operate a small, fiddly dimmer switch. These seemingly minor inconveniences can become major obstacles.
Universal design principles address these challenges by recommending several key strategies. Firstly, maximizing natural light is crucial. Large windows, skylights, and open floor plans can significantly reduce the need for artificial light and create a more welcoming environment. When artificial light is necessary, it should be layered. Ambient lighting provides overall illumination, while task lighting focuses on specific areas like countertops or reading nooks. Accent lighting can highlight architectural features or artwork, adding depth and visual interest.
Secondly, the type and placement of light fixtures are paramount. Glare can be minimized by using diffused light sources and avoiding bare bulbs. Adjustable lighting allows users to customize the light level to their specific needs. Light switches and other electrical controls should be placed at a reachable height, typically between 34 and 48 inches from the floor. Rocker switches are generally easier to use than toggle switches, especially for people with limited dexterity.
Finally, incorporating smart home technology can significantly enhance accessibility. Voice-activated assistants can control lights, fans, and other appliances, eliminating the need for physical interaction. Motion sensors can automatically turn lights on and off, improving safety and energy efficiency. Programmable timers can create customized lighting schedules to suit individual needs and preferences.
By thoughtfully considering lighting and electrical controls, we can create inclusive environments that promote independence and enhance the quality of life for everyone. Universal design isnt just about accommodating disabilities; its about creating spaces that are comfortable, convenient, and enjoyable for all.
Universal design in bathrooms creates spaces usable by people of all ages and abilities, promoting independence and dignity. Lets look at some key features for toilets, showers, and tubs that embody this philosophy.
Toilets designed with accessibility in mind often feature a comfort height, making sitting down and standing up easier for those with mobility issues. Grab bars, securely mounted to the wall and floor, provide essential support. A dual-flush system contributes to water conservation, a universal benefit. Space around the toilet is crucial, allowing for maneuverability with assistive devices like wheelchairs or walkers.
Showers designed with universal design principles frequently incorporate a curbless entry, eliminating a tripping hazard. This seamless transition from bathroom floor to shower floor is beneficial for everyone, but especially those using wheelchairs or with limited mobility. A handheld showerhead with an adjustable height control offers flexibility for users of different heights and those who prefer to sit while showering. Built-in shower seats provide a safe and comfortable resting place, reducing fatigue. Non-slip flooring is a must, minimizing the risk of falls for everyone.
Tubs, while traditionally less accessible, can be adapted with universal design features. Walk-in tubs, with a door that seals tightly, allow for easy entry and exit. Grab bars, strategically placed inside and outside the tub, offer stability. A built-in seat, like in the shower, provides support and comfort. Temperature controls that are easy to reach and read are important for safety and convenience.
Beyond these specific features, other elements contribute to a universally designed bathroom. Adequate lighting, lever-style handles for faucets and doors, and slip-resistant flooring throughout the space are essential considerations. By incorporating these features, we create bathrooms that are not only accessible but welcoming and comfortable for everyone. These designs promote independence and dignity, allowing individuals to perform daily tasks with ease and confidence.
Grab bars and other safety support installations are quiet heroes in the world of accessible design. Theyre often overlooked, perhaps because theyre so simple, yet they make a monumental difference in the lives of many. Were not just talking about people with obvious mobility challenges; consider an older adult navigating a slippery shower floor, someone recovering from an injury, or even a young child learning to balance. These supports offer stability, confidence, and most importantly, safety.
The beauty of grab bars and similar installations lies in their adaptability. A strategically placed grab bar by the toilet can transform a daunting task into a manageable one. Support rails along a hallway can provide a reassuring guide for someone with balance issues. Even in kitchens, grab bars can assist with reaching high shelves or stabilizing oneself while standing for extended periods.
But proper installation is crucial. A wobbly grab bar is not just useless; its a hazard. Secure anchoring and appropriate placement based on the individuals needs are paramount. This might involve consulting with an occupational therapist or a contractor specializing in accessible design. Furthermore, the choice of materials matters. Rust-resistant, non-slip surfaces contribute to both safety and longevity.
Ultimately, grab bars and other safety supports represent a small investment with a significant return. They foster independence, reduce the risk of falls, and enhance the overall quality of life for people of all ages and abilities. Theyre a testament to the power of thoughtful design in creating truly inclusive environments.
Building design, also called architectural design, refers to the broadly based architectural, engineering and technical applications to the design of buildings. All building projects require the services of a building designer, typically a licensed architect. Smaller, less complicated projects often do not require a licensed professional, and the design of such projects is often undertaken by building designers, draftspersons, interior designers (for interior fit-outs or renovations), or contractors. Larger, more complex building projects require the services of many professionals trained in specialist disciplines, usually coordinated by an architect.
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and supervision of the construction of buildings. Professionally, an architect's decisions affect public safety, and thus an architect must undergo specialized training consisting of advanced education and a practicum (or internship) for practical experience to earn a license to practice architecture. In most of the world's jurisdictions, the professional and commercial use of the term "architect" is legally protected.
Building engineering typically includes the services of electrical, mechanical and structural engineers.
A draftsperson or documenter has attained a certificate or diploma in architectural drafting (or equivalent training), and provides services relating to preparing construction documents rather than building design. Some draftspersons are employed by architectural design firms and building contractors, while others are self-employed.[1]
In many places, building codes and legislation of professions allow persons to design single family residential buildings and, in some cases, light commercial buildings without an architectural license. As such, "Building designer" is a common designation in the United States, Canada, Australia and elsewhere for someone who offers building design services but is not a licensed architect or engineer.
Anyone may use the title of "building designer" in the broadest sense. In many places, a building designer may achieve certification demonstrating a higher level of training. In the U.S., the National Council of Building Designer Certification (NCBDC),[2] an offshoot of the American Institute of Building Design,[3] administers a program leading to the title of Certified Professional Building Designer (CPBD). Usually, building designers are trained as architectural technologists or draftspersons; they may also be architecture school graduates that have not completed licensing requirements.[4]
Many building designers are known as "residential" or "home designers", since they focus mainly on residential design and remodeling.[5] In the U.S. state of Nevada, "Residential Designer" is a regulated term for those who are registered as such under Nevada State Board of Architecture, Interior Design and Residential Design, and one may not legally represent oneself in a professional capacity without being currently registered.
In Australia where use of the term architect and some derivatives is highly restricted but the architectural design of buildings has very few restrictions in place, the term building designer is used extensively by people or design practices who are not registered by the relevant State Board of Architects. In Queensland the term building design is used in legislation which licenses practitioners as part of a broader building industry licensing system. In Victoria there is a registration process for building designers and in other States there is currently no regulation of the profession. A Building Designers Association operates in each state to represent the interests of building designers.
Building surveyors are technically minded general practitioners in the United Kingdom, Australia and elsewhere, trained much like architectural technologists. In the UK, the knowledge and expertise of the building surveyor is applied to various tasks in the property and construction markets, including building design for smaller residential and light commercial projects. This aspect of the practice is similar to other European occupations, most notably the geometra in Italy, but also the géomètre in France, Belgium and Switzerland. the building surveyors are also capable on establishment of bills of quantities for the new works and renovation or maintenance or rehabilitation works.[6]
The profession of Building Surveyor does not exist in the US. The title Surveyor refers almost exclusively to Land surveyors. Architects, Building Designers, Residential Designers, Construction Managers, and Home Inspectors perform some or all of the work of the U.K. Building Surveyor.
A contractor[1][2] (North American English) or builder (British English),[3][4] is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.[5]
In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.[6]
A general contractor is a construction manager employed by a client, usually upon the advice of the project's architect or engineer.[7] General Contractors are mainly responsible for the overall coordination of a project and may also act as building designer and construction foreman (a tradesman in charge of a crew).
A general contractor must first assess the project-specific documents (referred to as a bid, proposal, or tender documents). In the case of renovations, a site visit is required to get a better understanding of the project. Depending on the project delivery method, the general contractor will submit a fixed price proposal or bid, cost-plus price or an estimate. The general contractor considers the cost of home office overhead, general conditions, materials, and equipment, as well as the cost of labor, to provide the owner with a price for the project.
Contract documents may include drawings, project manuals (including general, supplementary, or special conditions and specifications), and addendum or modifications issued prior to proposal/bidding and prepared by a design professional, such as an architect.The general contractor may also assume the role of construction manager, responsible for overseeing the project while assuming financial and legal risks.There are several types of risks can occur include cost overruns, delays, and liabilities related to safety or contract breaches.
Prior to formal appointment, the selected general contractor to whom a client proposes to award a contract is often referred to as a "preferred contractor".[8]
A general contractor is responsible for providing all of the material, labor, equipment (such as heavy equipment and tools) and services necessary for the construction of the project. A general contractor often hires specialized subcontractors to perform all or portions of the construction work. When using subcontractors, the general contractor is responsible for overseeing the quality of all work performed by any and all of the workers and subcontractors.
It is a best practice for general contractors to prioritize safety on the job site, and they are generally responsible for ensuring that work takes place following safe practices.
A general contractor's responsibilities may include applying for building permits, advising the person they are hired by, securing the property, providing temporary utilities on site, managing personnel on site, providing site surveying and engineering, disposing or recycling of construction waste, monitoring schedules and cash flows, and maintaining accurate records.[9]
The general contractor may be responsible for some part of the design, referred to as the "contractor's design portion" (JCT terminology).[10]
In the United Kingdom, Australia and some British Commonwealth countries, the term 'general contractor' was gradually superseded by builders during the early twentieth century.[citation needed] This was the term used by major professional, trade, and consumer organizations when issuing contracts for construction work, and thus the term 'general contractor' fell out of use except in large organizations where the main contractor is the top manager and a general contractor shares responsibilities with professional contractors.
General contractors who conduct work for government agencies are often referred to as "builders". This term is also used in contexts where the customer's immediate general contractor is permitted to sub-contract or circumstances are likely to involve sub-contracting to specialist operators e.g. in various public services.
In the United States and Asia, the terms general contractor (or simply "contractor"), prime contractor and main contractor are often interchangeable when referring to small local companies that perform residential work. These companies are represented by trade organizations such as the NAHB.[11]
Licensing requirements to work legally on construction projects vary from locale to locale. In the United States, there are no federal licensing requirements to become a general contractor, but most US states require general contractors to obtain a local license to operate. It is the states' responsibility to define these requirements: for example, in the state of California, the requirements are stated as follows:
With a few exceptions, all businesses or individuals who work on any building, highway, road, parking facility, railroad, excavation, or other structure in California must be licensed by the California Contractors State License Board (CSLB) if the total cost of one or more contracts on the project is $500 or more.
In every state that requires a license, a surety bond is required as part of the licensing process, with the exception of Louisiana, where bonding requirements may vary in different parishes. Not all states require General Contractor licenses - these include Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, among others.
Some general contractors obtain bachelor's degrees in construction science, building science, surveying, construction safety, or other disciplines.
General Contractors often learn about different aspects of construction, including masonry, carpentry, framing, and plumbing. Aspiring general contractors communicate with subcontractors and may learn the management skills they need to run their own company.
Experience in the construction industry as well as references from customers, business partners, or former employers are demanded. Some jurisdictions require candidates to provide proof of financing to own their own general contracting firm.
General Contractors often run their own business. They hire subcontractors to complete specialized construction work and may manage a team of plumbers, electricians, bricklayers, carpenters, iron workers, technicians, handymans, architects and roofers. General Contractors build their business by networking with potential clients, buying basic construction tools, and ensuring that their subcontractors complete high-quality work. General Contractors do not usually complete much construction work themselves, but they need to be familiar with construction techniques so they can manage workers effectively. Other reasons include access to specialist skills, flexible hiring and firing, and lower costs.
A property owner or real estate developer develops a program of their needs and selects a site (often with an architect). The architect assembles a design team of consulting engineers and other experts to design the building and specify the building systems. Today contractors frequently participate on the design team by providing pre-design services such as providing estimations of the budget and scheduling requirements to improve the economy of the project. In other cases, the general contractor is hired at the close of the design phase. The owner, architect, and general contractor work closely together to meet deadlines and budget. The general contractor works with subcontractors to ensure quality standards; subcontractors specialise in areas such as electrical wiring, plumbing, masonry, etc.
The concept of home improvement, home renovation or remodeling is the process of renovating, making improvements or making additions to one's home.[1] Home improvement can consist of projects that upgrade an existing home interior (such as electrical and plumbing), exterior (masonry, concrete, siding, roofing) or other improvements to the property (i.e. garden work or garage maintenance/additions). Home improvement projects can be carried out for a number of different reasons; personal preference and comfort, maintenance or repair work, making a home bigger by adding rooms/spaces, as a means of saving energy, or to improve safety.[2]
While "home improvement" often refers to building projects that alter the structure of an existing home, it can also include improvements to lawns, gardens, and outdoor structures, such as gazebos and garages. It also encompasses maintenance, repair, and general servicing tasks. Home improvement projects generally have one or more of the following goals:[citation needed]
Maintenance projects can include:
Additional living space may be added by:
Homeowners may reduce utility costs with:
The need to be safer or for better privacy or emergency management can be fulfilled with diversified measures which can be improved, maintained or added. Secret compartments and passages can also be conceived for privacy and security.
Home or residential renovation is an almost $300 billion industry in the United States,[5] and a $48 billion industry in Canada.[6][full citation needed] The average cost per project is $3,000 in the United States and $11,000–15,000 in Canada.
Professional home improvement is ancient and goes back to the beginning of recorded civilization. One example is Sergius Orata, who in the 1st century B.C. is said by the writer Vitruvius (in his famous book De architectura) to have invented the hypocaust. The hypocaust is an underfloor heating system that was used throughout the Roman Empire in villas of the wealthy. He is said to have become wealthy himself by buying villas at a low price, adding spas and his newly invented hypocaust, and reselling them at higher prices.[7]
Perhaps the most important or visible professionals in the renovation industry are renovation contractors or skilled trades. These are the builders that have specialized credentials, licensing and experience to perform renovation services in specific municipalities.
While there is a fairly large "grey market" of unlicensed companies, there are those that have membership in a reputable association and/or are accredited by a professional organization. Homeowners are recommended to perform checks such as verifying license and insurance and checking business references prior to hiring a contractor to work on their house.
Because interior renovation will touch the change of the internal structure of the house, ceiling construction, circuit configuration and partition walls, etc., such work related to the structure of the house, of course, also includes renovation of wallpaper posting, furniture settings, lighting, etc.
Aggregators are companies that bundle home improvement service offers and act as intermediary agency between service providers and customers.
Home improvement was popularized on television in 1979 with the premiere of This Old House starring Bob Vila on PBS. American cable channel HGTV features many do-it-yourself shows, as does sister channel DIY Network.[8] Danny Lipford hosts and produces the nationally syndicated Today's Homeowner with Danny Lipford. Tom Kraeutler and Leslie Segrete co-host the nationally syndicated The Money Pit Home Improvement Radio Show.
Movies that poked fun at the difficulties involved include: Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House (1948), starring Cary Grant and Myrna Loy; George Washington Slept Here (1942), featuring Jack Benny and Ann Sheridan; and The Money Pit (1986), with Tom Hanks and Shelley Long. The sitcom Home Improvement used the home improvement theme for comedic purposes.
I truly cannot say enough good things about Tamari and TNT Design and Build. We had a pipe leak in our kitchen that caused extensive damage. We ended up needing to do an entire kitchen renovation on a tight timeline. Because it was unexpected we weren’t prepared with many ideas. Luckily, with guidance from Tamari’s team and his extensive showroom we were able to choose quality products that we were really happy with. TNT does top quality work everywhere—from replacing pipes, putting up new drywall, flooring, custom cabinet installation, countertop installation, custom tiling, painting and more. The team is professional and punctual. The small hiccups we encountered along the way were dealt with quickly—the team is very solution oriented. The work exceeded our expectations and was completed ahead of our agreed upon timeline! We highly recommend TNT Design and Build and will definitely use them for any future house projects
I have worked with TNT Design & Build on over 15 remodels and flips of my personal properties, and I can confidently say that they are the best in the business. From start to finish, every project has been handled with professionalism, expertise, and attention to detail. Tamari, the owner, is truly outstanding. His leadership, vision, and commitment to excellence ensure that every project is completed on time and with impeccable quality. He takes the time to understand my goals and always goes above and beyond to bring them to life. His team of workers is just as impressive—skilled, hardworking, and dedicated to delivering top-notch craftsmanship. What sets TNT Design & Build apart is their reliability and consistency. No matter the size or complexity of the project, they have always delivered results that exceed my expectations. Their work is not only high-quality but also beautifully designed and built to last. If you’re looking for a trustworthy, efficient, and talented team for your next remodel or construction project, I highly recommend TNT Design & Build. They have been my go-to company for years, and I wouldn’t trust anyone else with my projects!
We have used TNT for multiple projects from building an addition to full house flooring and complete kitchen and bathroom remodel. Mor and her team continue to amaze me! The work is impeccable and the customer service is top notch. Highly recommended!
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